EV batteries are made with lithium-ion and other materials that sometimes cause fires, which may claim lives. To prevent this, the US Fire Administration provides the following suggestions.
If you have an EV home charger, have a new dedicated circuit.
- Do not use older home wiring.
- Along with the EV charging unit, residual current equipment should be set up, which will shut the power down if a defect is identified and aid in avoiding a fire.
- Ensure that the EV charger’s components are inaccessible to children and pets.
- Keep all EV charging device equipment out of reach of children and pets when they are not being used.
- Adhere to all the guidelines of the EV charger maker by taking care of it well.
Introduction to EV Battery Safety
To keep your EV battery safe and long-lasting, charge it properly, ensure its software is updated regularly, and arrange regular maintenance checks.
Furthermore, only EV batteries that adhere to the latest safety tests should be used. Your EV battery safety management should also conform to strict requirements to be more durable and long-lasting. The able and reliable team at ThunderPlus will guide you in these matters.
Potential Risks of EV Batteries
| Risk Factor | Description | Severity Level (Low/Medium/High) | Preventive Measures |
|---|---|---|---|
| Battery Short Circuit | Occurs when the battery overheats or is damaged | High | Regular maintenance, avoiding damage |
| Fire or Explosion | Can result from battery malfunction or overheating | High | Fire safety measures, using quality chargers |
| Electrocution | Contact with damaged batteries | Medium | Proper insulation and emergency shutoff |
Understanding the Risks of EV Batteries
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), a US government organization, says EVs that run on lithium-ion batteries with high voltage are at risk of fire. The threat is aggravated when the battery’s damaged cells are exposed to extreme rises in pressure and temperature, leading to fires.
Extremely high temperatures pose a fire risk to EV batteries as chemical activity intensifies and thermal stability decreases.
Common Causes of EV Battery Hazards
| Cause | Percentage of Incidents (%) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Physical Damage | 35% | Damage due to accidents or impacts |
| Overcharging | 25% | Prolonged charging beyond capacity |
| Thermal Runaway | 15% | Uncontrolled heat leading to combustion |
| Manufacturing Defects | 10% | Faults in production or assembly |
| Improper Maintenance | 15% | Lack of regular checks or poor care |
Electrical Hazards and Shock Risks
When EVs are being serviced, maintained, and repaired, workers who are not cautious can risk electric shocks, leading to serious injuries or death. Existing voltages in EVs are much higher (around 800V) than those in traditional vehicles. When the conditions are dry, unintentional contact with live components having 70V to 90V can be deadly.
Certain EV batteries may contain chemicals that can injure when released.
They could also preserve high amounts of energy that can cause explosions if improperly handled.
Some of the other risks with EVs are as follows –
- Present in EVs are high voltage equipment that can cause a deadly electric shock.
- They store electrical energy, potentially instigating an explosion.
- If they are improperly handled, the emission of volatile gases and unsafe liquids is possible.
Potential for Battery Fires and Explosions
One of the risks associated with EV batteries that cannot be ignored is the potential for fire and explosions. Lithium-ion EV batteries can cause fire if overcharged, punctured, or exposed to extreme temperatures.
Often, the chances of explosions and fires in EV batteries are unlikely. According to the University of California, Berkeley, studies have shown that significant amounts of electric currents can cause a ‘thermal runaway,’ a chain reaction that causes an EV battery to burn, combust, and explode.
Chemical Hazards from Battery Components
Chemicals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel are used in EV batteries and can be hazardous if they leak. If there is an issue with EV batteries, these chemicals can cause fires, respiratory problems, or other health problems if inhaled or ingested. Handling batteries carefully and avoiding direct contact with any leaking materials is imperative.
Safety Measures and Precautions
EV makers incorporate many safety features, such as thermal management systems, protective casings, and emergency shutoff mechanisms. If you are an EV owner or user, follow the guidelines of your EV maker, like ThunderPlus, for proper charging practices. Also, avoid extreme temperatures and ensure proper battery maintenance.
Emergency Procedures in Case of Battery Incidents
If there is a battery-related emergency, the response should be immediate. When you identify smoke, sparks, or an unusual smell from your EV, halt it safely, turn off its engine, and evacuate the area. Class D fire extinguishers work effectively against EV lithium-ion battery fires. Do not pour water, as it can worsen the situation. Contact emergency services immediately.
Importance of Regular Maintenance and Monitoring
Proper maintenance and monitoring of an EV’s battery system are necessary for optimal performance and safety. Inspect routinely, update its software, and be alert to any warning signs your EV indicates. Early detection of issues can prevent minor problems from escalating into dangerous situations.
To prevent issues with an EV battery, contact the team of experts at ThunderPlus, a leading provider of EV chargers and charging solutions.